Monitored Natural Attenuation -- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vocabulary Catalog states "Monitored natural attenuation involves physical, chemical, and biological processes that act to reduce the mass, toxicity, and mobility of subsurface contamination. Physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in monitored natural attenuation include biodegradation, chemical stabilization, dispersion, sorption, and volatilization."
- See also EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Directive 9200.4-17P, Use of Monitored Natural Attenuation at Superfund, RCRA Corrective Action, and underground Storage Tank Sites, 21 April 1999.
- Click here to read more about MNA from EPA
- Click here to read more about MNA
- Click here to view the presentation WDNR presented at the december 11, 2013 RAB meeting
- Click here to read more about MNA from WDNR
Anaerobic Bioremediation -- EPA explain on their website "In anaerobic conditions, microorganisms will ultimately metabolize organic contaminants to methane, limited amounts of carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of hydrogen gas. In anaerobic reactions, bacteria gain energy and grow as an atom on a contaminant is replaced with hydrogen (AFCEE). Anaerobicmetabolism encompasses many processes including fermentation, methanogenesis, reductive dechlorination, sulfate- and iron-reducing activities, and denitrification."
- See also EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response EPA 542-R-13-018, Introduction to In Situ Bioremediaiton of Groundwater, December 2013.
- Click here to read more about Bioremediation from EPA
- A Citizen's Guide to Bioremediation
Contaminants
There are seven main contaminants of concern at the former Badger AAP: total dinitrotoluene (DNT); 2,4-DNT; 2,6-DNT; trichloroethene (TCE); 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCA); carbon tetrachloride (CTET); and ethyl ether (EE).